Pile response due to unsupported excavation-induced lateral soil movement

In this paper, a two-stage analysis involving the finite element method and the boundary element method is used to study pile response due to excavation-induced lateral soil movements, focusing on unsupported excavations in clay layers. It is shown that the pile response in this case is different from that caused by excavations which are braced. Design charts for estimating pile bending moments and deflections are presented for free-head single piles, and these may be used in practice for assessing the behaviour of existing piles due to the excavation. However, proper account should be taken of the pile head condition, which has been found to have a major effect on the pile bending moment. The application of the charts is demonstrated via a study of a published case history. Comparisons are presented between measured pile behaviour and that predicted both from the chart solutions and the computer analyses, and reasonably good agreement is found between them.