Perspectives on the Development of Cross Campus Entrepreneurship Education

This article provides a history of the development of cross campus entrepreneurship education (CCEE) in the United States and the European Union. Three drivers of CCEE were identified - Entrepreneurial Occupation, Entrepreneurial Employment and 10 Entrepreneurial Universities. Five models for CCEE efforts were also identified: focused (single-discipline), collaborative (two or more disciplines coordinating), magnet (bringing a campus to a central place), radiant (distributing resources across a campus) and mixed. CCEE efforts in the USA and EU initially stemmed from individual actions, with further US growth due to the involvement of private foundations, while in Europe, the individual actors' efforts gave way to EU-wide policies promoting CCEE for all higher educational institutions as part of the Oslo Agenda. These efforts are described and contrasted. Research topics related to the different approaches and issues of CCEE are identified.