Structure and dynamics of the subalpine coniferous forest on Changbai mountain, China

The composition and structure of the subalpine coniferous forest communities on Changbai mountain, China, were studied. Two mixed-conifer forest types, indicated by different combinations of Picea jezoensis var. komarovii, Picea koraiensis, Abies nephrolepis, Pinus koraiensis, and one type dominated by Larix olgensis and Abies nephrolepis were sampled. The number of woody species become less towards the higher elevation, while the herb layer was richer in the upper part due to the lower crown density. The Larix-dominated stand was established in a large gap presented as a building phase, and its composition and structure were simpler than the other two types. The dynamics of the forest zone, which had a mosaic structure consisting of Picea-and Larix-dominated patches, is characterized by patches transforming from one to another. This mosaic structure, with patch interchanging, is defined as the climax of the forest zone. Larix played an important role in sustaining the coniferous forest communities as a gap revegetator and a conditioner for the regeneration of Picea and Abies. Windfall was considered to be a frequent disturbance factor which caused the vegetation to become more heterogeneous and offered opportunities for Larix to establish.