Parathyroid hormone and arterial dysfunction in the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis

Objective High circulating concentrations of parathyroid hormone (PTH) have been associated with increased risks of hypertension, left ventricular hypertrophy, congestive heart failure and cardiovascular mortality. Impaired arterial function is a potential mechanism for these associations. We tested whether serum PTH concentration is associated with measures of arterial function. Design Cross-sectional study. Participants A total of 6545 persons without clinical cardiovascular disease participating in the community-based Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. Measurements Brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) as well as aortic pulse pressure and arterial pulse parameters derived from Windkessel modelling of the radial pressure waveform. Results Higher serum PTH concentration was associated with lower brachial artery FMD (mean difference -0.09% per 10 pg/ml PTH), higher aortic pulse pressure (0.53 mmHg per 10 pg/ml) and reduced Windkessel capacitive index C1 (large artery elasticity, -0.12 ml/mmHg x 10 per 10 pg/ml), adjusting for potential confounding variables (all P-values <= 0.001). These relationships were independent of serum calcium concentration, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration and estimated glomerular filtration rate and were consistent across relevant participant subgroups. Associations of PTH with aortic pulse pressure and capacitive index C1 were attenuated after adjustment for blood pressure. Serum PTH concentration was not associated with the oscillatory index C2 (small artery elasticity). Conclusions Higher serum PTH concentration was associated with impaired endothelial function, increased aortic pulse pressure and decreased capacitive index C1 in a large, diverse, community-based population. These relationships may help explain previously observed associations of elevated PTH with cardiovascular disease.