Molecular epidemiology and evolutionary genetics of Leishmania parasites

被引:43
作者
Bañuls, AL [1 ]
Hide, M [1 ]
Tibayrenc, M [1 ]
机构
[1] Ctr Etud Polymorphisme Microorganismes, UMR CNRS IRD 9926, Ctr IRD, F-34032 Montpellier 1, France
关键词
biological concept; clinic; DTU; Leishmania; phylogeny; epidemiology; species; clonality;
D O I
10.1016/S0020-7519(99)00083-1
中图分类号
R38 [医学寄生虫学]; Q [生物科学];
学科分类号
07 ; 0710 ; 09 ; 100103 ;
摘要
In order to illustrate the relevance of the concepts and methods of evolutionary genetics in the understanding of the epidemiology of pathogenic agents, we develop in this paper the case of the Leishmania, a genus of parasitic protozoa. An extensive study of various natural populations of Leishmania in different countries (Old and New World) was carried out by using Multilocus Enzyme Electrophoresis (MLEE) and Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA fingerprinting (RAPD) as genetic markers. The data have been interpreted in evolutionary genetic terms. The main benefit of this approach has been to better define the concept of species in the genus Leishmania, on rigorous phylogenetic bases. As a matter of fact, a sound taxonomical background is a prerequisite for any epidemiological approach. Since the biological concept of species is difficult or impossible to apply for most pathogenic microorganisms, we recommend relying on criteria of both phylognetic discreteness and of epidemiological/medical relevance to describe new species of Leishmania. Through this approach, fbr example, we have shown that the species status of L. (V.) peruviana can be supported. On the contrary; we have been unable to clearly distinguish L. (V.) panamensis from L. (V.) guyanensis with genetic tools. Additionally, we have shown that the epidemiological inferences based on a limited set of genetic markers can be misleading. As a matter of fact, we have demonstrated that a collection of L. (L.) infantum stocks identified, as zymodeme 'MON 1' by other authors present additional genetic heterogeneity and do not correspond to a. distinct 'Discrete Typing Unit' DTU, and are actually polyphyletic. Lastly, in the samples that were conveniently designed, we have confirmed that Leishmania parasites have a basically clonal population structure. As the clonal model specifies it, occasional bouts of genetic exchange remain nevertheless possible. Telling comparisons are drawn with the evolutionary genetics of other pathogens Typanosoma cruzi and Trypanosoma congolense. (C) 1999 Australian Society for Parasitology Inc. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
引用
收藏
页码:1137 / 1147
页数:11
相关论文
共 45 条
[1]   LEISHMANIASIS AND AIDS COINFECTION - THE SPANISH EXAMPLE [J].
ALVAR, J .
PARASITOLOGY TODAY, 1994, 10 (04) :160-163
[2]   PREVALENCE OF LEISHMANIA INFECTION AMONG AIDS PATIENTS [J].
ALVAR, J ;
GUTIERREZSOLAR, B ;
MOLINA, R ;
LOPEZVELEZ, R ;
GARCIACAMACHO, A ;
MARTINEZ, P ;
LAGUNA, F ;
CERCENADO, E ;
GALMES, A .
LANCET, 1992, 339 (8806) :1427-1427
[3]   BIOCHEMICAL-CHARACTERIZATION OF LEISHMANIA-(VIANNIA)-BRAZILIENSIS AND LEISHMANIA-(VIANNIA)-PERUVIANA BY ISOENZYME ELECTROPHORESIS [J].
ARANA, M ;
EVANS, DA ;
ZOLESSI, A ;
CUENTAS, AL ;
AREVALO, J .
TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE, 1990, 84 (04) :526-529
[4]   Emergence of visceral leishmaniasis in central Israel [J].
Baneth, G ;
Dank, G ;
Keren-Kornblatt, E ;
Sekeles, E ;
Adini, I ;
Eisenberger, CL ;
Schnur, LF ;
King, R ;
Jaffe, CL .
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE, 1998, 59 (05) :722-725
[5]   Evidence for hybridization by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis and random amplified polymorphic DNA between Leishmania braziliensis and Leishmania panamensis/guyanensis in Ecuador [J].
Banuls, AL ;
Guerrini, F ;
LePont, F ;
Barrera, C ;
Espinel, I ;
Guderian, R ;
Echeverria, R ;
Tibayrenc, M .
JOURNAL OF EUKARYOTIC MICROBIOLOGY, 1997, 44 (05) :408-411
[6]  
BANULS AL, IN PRESS J EUK MICRO
[7]  
BANULS AL, IN PRESS AM J TROP M
[9]   LEISHMANIA - SEX, LIES AND KARYOTYPE [J].
BASTIEN, P ;
BLAINEAU, C ;
PAGES, M .
PARASITOLOGY TODAY, 1992, 8 (05) :174-177
[10]   A PUTATIVE LEISHMANIA-PANAMENSIS LEISHMANIA-BRAZILIENSIS HYBRID IS A CAUSATIVE AGENT OF HUMAN CUTANEOUS LEISHMANIASIS IN NICARAGUA [J].
BELLI, AA ;
MILES, MA ;
KELLY, JM .
PARASITOLOGY, 1994, 109 :435-442