Spinal-flexibility-plus-aerobic versus aerobic-only training: Effects of a randomized clinical trial on function in at-risk older adults

Background As exercise is associated with favorable health outcomes, impaired older adults may benefit from specialized exercise interventions to achieve gains in function. The purpose of this study was to determine the added benefit of a spinal flexibility-plus-aerobic exercise intervention versus aerobic-only exercise on function among community-dwelling elders. Methods. We employed a randomized clinical trial consisting of 3 months of supervised exercise followed by 6 months of home-based exercise with telephone follow-up. A total of 210 impaired males and females over age 64 enrolled in this study. Of these, 134 were randomly assigned to either spinal flexibility-plus-aerobic exercise or aerobic-only exercise, with 116 individuals completing the study. Primary outcomes obtained at baseline, after 3 months of supervised exercise, and after 6 months of home-based exercise included: axial rotation, maximal oxygen uptake (VO(2)max); functional reach, timed-bed-mobility; and the Physical Function Scale (PhysFunction) of the Medical Outcomes Study SF-36. Results. Differences between the two interventions were minimal. Overall change scores for both groups combined indicated significant improvement far: axial rotation (p = .0011), VO(2)max (p = .0001), and PhysFunction (p = .0016). Secondary improvements were noted for overall health (p = .0025) and reduced symptoms (p = .0008). Differences between groups were significant only for VO(2)max (p = .0014) at 3 months with the aerobic-only group improving twice as much in aerobic capacity as the spinal flexibility-plus-aerobic group. Repeated measures indicated both groups improved during the supervised portion of the intervention but tended to return toward baseline following the home-based portion of the trial. Conclusions, Gains in physical functioning and perceived overall health are obtained with moderate aerobic exercise. No differential improvements were noted for the spinal flexibility-plus-aerobic intervention.