Linking above- and belowground responses to global change at community and ecosystem scales

被引:53
作者
Antoninka, Anita [1 ]
Wolf, Julie E. [1 ,2 ,5 ]
Bowker, Matthew [1 ]
Classen, Aimee T. [1 ,3 ,4 ]
Johnson, Nancy Collins [1 ]
机构
[1] No Arizona Univ, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA
[2] USDA, Dept Mycol, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA
[3] Oak Ridge Labs, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
[4] Univ Tennessee, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA
[5] USDA, Microbiol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA
基金
美国国家科学基金会;
关键词
arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi; CO2; enrichment; community composition; ecosystem responses; grassland; nitrogen enrichment; soil communities; soil organic matter; structural equation model; ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI; DARK SEPTATE ENDOPHYTES; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; NITROGEN LIMITATION; INFLUENCE PLANT; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SALSOLA-KALI; ELEVATED CO2; SOIL; PHOSPHORUS;
D O I
10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01760.x
中图分类号
X176 [生物多样性保护];
学科分类号
090705 ;
摘要
Cryptic belowground organisms are difficult to observe and their responses to global changes are not well understood. Nevertheless, there is reason to believe that interactions among above- and belowground communities may mediate ecosystem responses to global change. We used grassland mesocosms to manipulate the abundance of one important group of soil organisms, arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, and to study community and ecosystem responses to CO2 and N enrichment. Responses of plants, AM fungi, phospholipid fatty acids and community-level physiological profiles were measured after two growing seasons. Ecosystem responses were examined by measuring net primary production (NPP), evapotranspiration, total soil organic matter (SOM), and extractable mineral N. Structural equation modeling was used to examine the causal relationships among treatments and response variables. We found that while CO2 and N tended to directly impact ecosystem functions (evapotranspiration and NPP, respectively), AM fungi indirectly impacted ecosystem functions by influencing the community composition of plants and other root fungi, soil fungi and soil bacteria. We found that the mycotrophic status of the dominant plant species in the mesocosms determined whether the presence of AM fungi increased or decreased NPP. Mycotrophic grasses dominated the mesocosm communities during the first growing season, and the mycorrhizal treatments had the highest NPP. In contrast, nonmycotrophic forbs were dominant during the second growing season and the mycorrhizal treatments had the lowest NPP. The composition of the plant community strongly influenced soil N, and the community composition of soil organisms strongly influenced SOM accumulation in the mesocosms. These results show how linkages between above- and belowground communities can determine ecosystem responses to global change.
引用
收藏
页码:914 / 929
页数:16
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