Strong overtones and combination bands in ultraviolet resonance Raman spectroscopy

Ultraviolet resonance Raman spectroscopy is carried out using a continuous wave frequency-doubled argon ion laser operated at 229, 244, and 257 nm in order to characterize the overtones and combination bands for several classes of organic compounds in liquid solutions. Contrary to what is generally anticipated, for molecules such as pyrene and anthracene, strong overtones and combination bands can show up; it is demonstrated that their intensity depends critically on the applied laser wavelength. If the excitation wavelength corresponds with a purely electronic transition-this applies to a good approximation for 244-nm excitation in the case of pyrene and for 257-nm excitation in the case of anthracene-mostly fundamental vibrations (up to 1700 cm(-1)) are observed. Overtones and combination bands are detected but are rather weak. However, if the laser overlaps with the vibronic region-as holds for 229- and 257-nm excitation for pyrene and 244-nm excitation for anthracene-very strong bands are found in the region 1700-3400 cm(-1). As illustrated for pyrene at 257 nm, all these bands can be assigned to first overtones or binary combinations of fundamental vibrations. Their intensity distribution can roughly be simulated by multiplying the relative intensities of the fundamental bands. Significant bands can also be found in the region 3400-5000 cm(-1), corresponding with second overtones and ternary combinations. It is shown that these findings are not restricted to planar and rigid molecules with high symmetry. Substituted pyrenes exhibit similar effects, and relatively strong overtones are also observed for adenosine monophosphate and for abietic acid. The reasons for these observations are discussed, as well as the potential applicability for analytical purposes.