Synthesis, characterization, and immunochemical detection of O-6-(carboxymethyl)-2'-deoxyguanosine: A DNA adduct formed by nitrosated glycine derivatives

O-6-(Carboxymethyl)-2'-deoxyguanosine (O-6-CMdG) is formed in DNA by nitrosated glycine derivatives and appears to be nonrepairable by O-6-alkylguanine transferases. O-6-CMdG has been synthesized by an unambiguous route involving the introduction of a methyl glycolate moiety at C6 of a 3',5'-bis-O-(methoxyacetyl)dGuo derivative by displacement of a quinuclidinium ion, Methanolysis of the methoxyacetyl groups and calcium hydroxide-mediated hydrolysis of the methyl ester afforded the calcium salt of O-6-CMdG in good yield. A similar route was used to synthesize O-6-(carboxymethyl)guanosine (O-6-CMGuo), which was used to prepare protein conjugates for immunization, Rabbit antisera were prepared, and a quantitative competitive ELISA was developed which showed 50% inhibition at 2 pmol of O-6-CMdG/well. O-6-CMGuo was 30 times less cross-reactive (50% inhibition at 60 pmol/well), and normal nucleosides and carboxymethylated purines did not cross-react to any significant extent. The antiserum was also used to prepare reusable immunoaffinity columns which retained. O-6-CMdG. The binding of O-6-CMdG was so strong that conditions used to elute the adduct (1 M trifluoroacetic acid) resulted in partial hydrolysis (becoming quantitative on heating) of the glycosidic bond to give O-6-CMguanine which was detected by HPLC with fluorescence detection. DNA treated with azaserine (5 mmol), N-(N'-acetyl-L-prolyl)-N-nitrosoglycine (5 mmol), and potassium diazoacetate (5 mmol) afforded O-6-CMdG at levels of 7.3, 393.9, and 496 mu mol of O-6-CMdG/mol of dG. The antiserum also recognized O-6-CMdG in intact DNA.