Kohl (surma): a toxic traditional eye cosmetic study in Saudi Arabia

被引：78

作者：

Al-Ashban, RM

Aslam, M

Shah, AH ^{[1
]}

机构：

[1] Minist Hlth, Cent Lab Drug & Food Anal, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

[2] Univ Nottingham, Sch Pharmaceut Sci, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England

来源：

PUBLIC HEALTH | 2004年 / 118卷 / 04期

关键词：

kohl; surma; eye cosmetic; folklore remedy; high lead content; Saudi Arabia;

D O I：

10.1016/j.puhe.2003.05.001

中图分类号：

R1 [预防医学、卫生学];

学科分类号：

1004 ; 120402 ;

摘要：

The use of kohl (surma) as eyeliner is a popular practice in Saudi Arabia and people firmly believe that it is safe to use. A total of 107 kohl samples (branded and unbranded) were collected from different regions of Saudi Arabia, and analysed for the presence of lead. In addition, aluminium and antimony levels were also determined. Lead levels up to 53% were detected in some kohl preparations, and some samples were found to contain camphor and menthol. The blood analyses of regular kohl users revealed a high lead concentration and relatively low haemoglobin levels. Due to the health risk, an official public awareness campaign is suggested to encourage the use of lead-free kohl. (C) 2003 The Royal Institute of Public Health. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

引用

页码：292 / 298

页数：7

共 27 条

[1]

Al-Saleh I, 1999, Int J Occup Environ Health, V5, P107

[2]

Al-Saleh Iman, 1998, Journal of Environmental Pathology Toxicology and Oncology, V17, P17

[3] KOHL - A HAZARDOUS EYELINER [J].

ALHAZZAA, SAF ;

KRAHN, PM .

INTERNATIONAL OPHTHALMOLOGY, 1995, 19 (02) :83-88

[4]

ALJAUZIA, 2000, ZOD ALMAAD FEE HADI, V4, P259

[5]

ALKHAWAJAH AM, 1992, TROP GEOGR MED, V44, P373

[6] LEAD, ERYTHROCYTE PROTOPORPHYRIN, AND HEMATOLOGICAL PARAMETERS IN NORMAL MATERNAL AND UMBILICAL-CORD BLOOD FROM SUBJECTS OF THE RIYADH REGION, SAUDI-ARABIA [J].

ALSALEH, I ;

KHALIL, MA ;

TAYLOR, A .

ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH, 1995, 50 (01) :66-73

[7]

ALSALEH I, 1996, BIOMETALS, P385

[8]

ASLAM M, 1980, LANCET, V1, P658

[9]

BERNARDI RA, 2002, 02022 US DEP HOUS UR

[10]

Counter SA, 2000, NEUROTOXICOLOGY, V21, P301

← 1 2 3 →