Landscape moderation of biodiversity patterns and processes - eight hypotheses

被引：1612

作者：

Tscharntke, Teja ^{[1
]}

Tylianakis, Jason M. ^{[2
]}

Rand, Tatyana A. ^{[3
]}

Didham, Raphael K. ^{[2
,4
,5
]}

Fahrig, Lenore ^{[6
]}

Peter Batary ^{[1
,7
]}

Bengtsson, Janne ^{[8
]}

Clough, Yann ^{[1
]}

Crist, Thomas O. ^{[9
,10
]}

Dormann, Carsten F. ^{[11
]}

Ewers, Robert M. ^{[12
]}

Fruend, Jochen ^{[1
]}

Holt, Robert D. ^{[13
]}

Holzschuh, Andrea ^{[14
]}

Klein, Alexandra M. ^{[15
]}

Kleijn, David ^{[16
]}

Kremen, Claire ^{[17
]}

Landis, Doug A. ^{[18
,19
]}

Laurance, William ^{[20
,21
]}

Lindenmayer, David ^{[22
]}

Scherber, Christoph ^{[1
]}

Sodhi, Navjot ^{[23
]}

Steffan-Dewenter, Ingolf ^{[14
]}

Thies, Carsten ^{[1
]}

van der Putten, Wim H. ^{[24
,25
]}

Westphal, Catrin ^{[1
]}

机构：

[1] Univ Gottingen, Dept Crop Sci, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany

[2] Univ Canterbury, Sch Biol Sci, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand

[3] ARS, USDA, No Plains Agr Res Lab, Sidney, MT 59270 USA

[4] Univ Western Australia, Sch Anim Biol, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia

[5] CSIRO Entomol, Ctr Environm & Life Sci, Floreat, WA 6014, Australia

[6] Carleton Univ, Dept Biol, Geomat & Landscape Ecol Lab, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada

[7] MTA ELTE MTM Ecol Res Grp, H-1083 Budapest, Hungary

[8] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Ecol, S-75007 Uppsala, Sweden

[9] Miami Univ, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, Oxford, OH 45056 USA

[10] Miami Univ, Dept Zool, Oxford, OH 45056 USA

[11] UFZ Helmholtz Ctr Environm Res, Dept Computat Landscape Ecol, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany

[12] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Life Sci, Ascot SL5 7PY, Berks, England

[13] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA

[14] Univ Wurzburg, Bioctr, Dept Anim Ecol & Trop Biol, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany

[15] Univ Luneburg, Inst Ecol & Environm Chem, Fac 3, D-21335 Luneburg, Germany

[16] Alterra, Ctr Ecosyst Studies, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands

[17] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA

[18] Michigan State Univ, Dept Entomol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA

[19] Michigan State Univ, Great Lakes Bioenergy Res Ctr, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA

[20] James Cook Univ, Ctr Trop Environm & Sustainabil Sci TESS, Cairns, Qld 4870, Australia

[21] James Cook Univ, Sch Marine & Trop Biol, Cairns, Qld 4870, Australia

[22] Australian Natl Univ, Fenner Sch Environm & Soc, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia

[23] Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Biol Sci, Singapore 117543, Singapore

[24] Netherlands Inst Ecol, NL-6700 AB Wageningen, Netherlands

[25] Univ Wageningen & Res Ctr, Nematol Lab, NL-6700 ES Wageningen, Netherlands

来源：

BIOLOGICAL REVIEWS | 2012年 / 87卷 / 03期

基金：

美国国家科学基金会; 加拿大自然科学与工程研究理事会; 加拿大创新基金会;

关键词：

beta diversity; belowground-aboveground patterns; conservation management; ecosystem functioning and services; functional traits; insurance hypothesis; landscape composition and configuration; multitrophic interactions; resilience and stability; spatial heterogeneity; AGRI-ENVIRONMENT SCHEMES; LAND-USE INTENSITY; SPECIES-AREA RELATIONSHIPS; SOIL DECOMPOSER COMMUNITY; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL AGENTS; DIFFERENT SPATIAL SCALES; NATURAL ENEMY DIVERSITY; FOOD-WEB STRUCTURE; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; ECOSYSTEM SERVICES;

D O I：

10.1111/j.1469-185X.2011.00216.x

中图分类号：

Q [生物科学];

学科分类号：

07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;

摘要：

Understanding how landscape characteristics affect biodiversity patterns and ecological processes at local and landscape scales is critical for mitigating effects of global environmental change. In this review, we use knowledge gained from human-modified landscapes to suggest eight hypotheses, which we hope will encourage more systematic research on the role of landscape composition and configuration in determining the structure of ecological communities, ecosystem functioning and services. We organize the eight hypotheses under four overarching themes. Section A: landscape moderation of biodiversity patterns' includes (1) the landscape species pool hypothesisthe size of the landscape-wide species pool moderates local (alpha) biodiversity, and (2) the dominance of beta diversity hypothesislandscape-moderated dissimilarity of local communities determines landscape-wide biodiversity and overrides negative local effects of habitat fragmentation on biodiversity. Section B: landscape moderation of population dynamics' includes (3) the cross-habitat spillover hypothesislandscape-moderated spillover of energy, resources and organisms across habitats, including between managed and natural ecosystems, influences landscape-wide community structure and associated processes and (4) the landscape-moderated concentration and dilution hypothesisspatial and temporal changes in landscape composition can cause transient concentration or dilution of populations with functional consequences. Section C: landscape moderation of functional trait selection includes (5) the landscape-moderated functional trait selection hypothesislandscape moderation of species trait selection shapes the functional role and trajectory of community assembly, and (6) the landscape-moderated insurance hypothesislandscape complexity provides spatial and temporal insurance, i.e. high resilience and stability of ecological processes in changing environments. Section D: landscape constraints on conservation management' includes (7) the intermediate landscape-complexity hypothesislandscape-moderated effectiveness of local conservation management is highest in structurally simple, rather than in cleared (i.e. extremely simplified) or in complex landscapes, and (8) the landscape-moderated biodiversity versus ecosystem service management hypothesislandscape-moderated biodiversity conservation to optimize functional diversity and related ecosystem services will not protect endangered species. Shifting our research focus from local to landscape-moderated effects on biodiversity will be critical to developing solutions for future biodiversity and ecosystem service management.

引用

页码：661 / 685

页数：25

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