Exergy analysis of a PEM fuel cell at variable operating conditions

This paper presents a comprehensive exergy analysis of a 10 kW PEM fuel cell at variable operating temperatures, pressures, cell voltages and air stoichiometrics. The calculations of the physical and chemical exergies, mass flow rates and exergetic efficiency are performed at temperature ratios (T/T-0) and pressure ratios (P/P-0) ranging from 1 to 1.25 and 1 to 3, respectively. In addition, the analysis is conducted on fuel cell operating voltages of 0.5 and 0.6 V and at air stoichiometrics of 2, 3 and 4 in order to determine their effects on the efficiency of the fuel cell. The calculated results illustrate the significance of the operating temperature, pressure, cell voltage and air stoichiometry on the exergetic efficiency of the fuel cell. However, it is recommended that the fuel cell should operate at stoichiometric ratios less than 4 in order to maintain the relative humidity level in the product air and to avoid the membrane drying out at high operating temperatures. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.