h-sgk serine-threonine protein kinase gene as transcriptional target of transforming growth factor β in human intestine

Background & Aims: Recently, the immediate early gene h-sgk was cloned as a hypertonicity-induced gene from human hepatoma cells. The aim of this study was to localize h-sgk messenger RNA (mRNA) expression in normal and inflamed intestinal mucosa and to identify potential transcriptional regulators. Methods: h-sgk mRNA in small intestinal mucosa from healthy persons and patients with Crohn's disease was determined by in situ hybridization, Transcriptional regulation was studied by Northern blot analysis of total RNA isolated from cultured human Intestine 407, U937, and HepG2 cells. Results: In normal ileum, h-sgk mRNA was selectively localized to the apical villus enterocytes, whereas no staining was detected in crypt cells. In Crohn's disease, enterocytes of the crypts expressed h-sgk and abundant h-sgk positive inflammatory cells appeared in the lamina propria. Combined h-sgk in situ hybridization and immunohistochemical analysis of CD68 antigen expression identified a part of these cells as macrophages. In addition to spatial correlation of transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta 1 protein and h-sgk mRNA expression, h-sgk transcription in human Intestine 407 and HepG2 cells as well as in U937 monocytes/macrophages was strongly induced by TGF-beta 1 in vitro, Conclusions: h-sgk expression in normal and inflamed intestinal mucosa may be regulated by TGF-beta 1 and may contribute to the pleiotropic actions of TGF-beta 1 in mucosal cell populations.