Niche interactions in epidermal stem cells

Within the epidermis and dermis of the skin, cells secrete and are surrounded by the extracellular matrix (ECM), which provides structural and biochemical support. The ECM of the epidermis is the basement membrane, and collagen and other dermal components constitute the ECM of the dermis. There is significant variation in the composition of the ECM of the epidermis and dermis, which can affect "cell to cell" and "cell to ECM" interactions. These interactions, in turn, can influence biological responses, aging, and wound healing; abnormal ECM signaling likely contributes to skin diseases. Thus, strategies for manipulating cell-ECM interactions are critical for treating wounds and a variety of skin diseases. Many of these strategies focus on epidermal stem cells, which reside in a unique niche in which the ECM is the most important component; interactions between the ECM and epidermal stem cells play a major role in regulating stem cell fate. As they constitute a major portion of the ECM, it is likely that integrins and type IV collagens are important in stem cell regulation and maintenance. In this review, we highlight recent research-including our previous work-exploring the role that the ECM and its associated components play in shaping the epidermal stem cell niche.