3D collagen type I matrix inhibits the antimigratory effect of doxorubicin

Background: The cell microenvironment, especially extracellular matrix proteins, plays an important role in tumor cell response to chemotherapeutic drugs. The present study was designed to investigate whether this microenvironment can influence the antimigratory effect of an anthracycline drug, doxorubicin, when tumor cells are grown in a matrix of type I collagen, a three-dimensional (3D) context which simulates a natural microenvironment. Methods: To this purpose, we studied the migratory parameters, the integrin expression, and the activation state of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and GTPase RhoA involved in the formation of focal adhesions and cell movement. These parameters were evaluated at non toxic concentrations which did not affect HT1080 cell proliferation. Results: We show that while doxorubicin decreased cell migration properties by 70% in conventional two-dimensional (2D) culture, this effect was completely abolished in a 3D one. Regarding the impact of doxorubicin on the focal adhesion complexes, unlike in 2D systems, the data indicated that the drug neither affected beta 1 integrin expression nor the state of phosphorylation of FAK and RhoA. Conclusion: This study suggests the lack of antiinvasive effect of doxorubicin in a 3D environment which is generally considered to better mimic the phenotypic behaviour of cells in vivo. Consistent with the previously shown resistance to the cytotoxic effect in a 3D context, our results highlight the importance of the matrix configuration on the tumor cell response to antiinvasive drugs.