Value at risk and expected stock returns

Stock size, liquidity, and value at risk (VAR) can explain the cross-sectional variation in expected returns, but market beta and total volatility have almost no power to capture the cross-section Of expected returns at the stock level. Furthermore, the strong positive relationship between average returns and VAR is robust for different investment horizons and loss-probability levels. In addition to the cross-sectional regressions at the stock level, this study used a time-series approach to test the empirical performance of VAR at the portfolio level. The results, based on 25 size/book-to-market portfolios, indicate that VAR has additional explanatory power after the characteristics of market return, size, book-to-market ratio, and liquidity are con trolled for.