Monolayer spontaneous curvature of raft-forming membrane lipids

Monolayer spontaneous curvatures for cholesterol, DOPE, POPE, DOPC, DPPC, DSPC, POPC, SOPC, and egg sphingomyelin were obtained using small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) on inverted hexagonal phases (H-II). Spontaneous curvatures of bilayer forming lipids were estimated by adding controlled amounts to a H-II forming template following previously established protocols. Spontaneous curvatures of both phosphatidylethanolamines and cholesterol were found to be at least a factor of two more negative than those of phosphatidylcholines, whose J(0) values are closer to zero. Interestingly, a significant positive J(0) value was retrieved for DPPC. We further determined the temperature dependence of the spontaneous curvatures J(0)(T) in the range from 15 to 55 degrees C, resulting in a quite narrow distribution of -1 to -3 x 10(-3) (nm degrees C)(-1) for most investigated lipids. The data allowed us to estimate the monolayer spontaneous curvatures of ternary lipid mixtures showing liquid ordered/ liquid disordered phase coexistence. We report spontaneous curvature phase diagrams for DSPC/DOPC/Chol, DPPC/DOPC/Chol and SM/POPC/Chol and discuss effects on protein insertion and line tension.