Mediation of TNF receptor-associated factor effector functions by apoptosis signal-regulating kinase-1 (ASK1)

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF), a major inflammatory cytokine, generates a wide variety of cellular responses via key cytoplasmic adaptor molecules named TNF receptor-associated factors (TRAFs). We report that TRAF2, TRAF5 and TRAF6 associate with apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1), and a catalytically-inactive ASK1 mutant blocks stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK)/Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) activation by these TRAFs, A truncated derivative of TRAF2, which inhibits SAPK activation by TNF, blocks TNF-induced ASK1 activation. Furthermore, protection from TNF-induced cell death conferred by an ASK1 mutant is dependent upon TRAF2. Hence, ASK1 is a common mediator of TRAF-regulated SAPK and apoptosis signaling, and the TRAF2-ASK1 connection completes the signaling cascade from TNF to SAPK/JNK activation.