Glycyrrhizin regulates CD4+T cell response during liver fibrogenesis via JNK, ERK and PI3K/AKT pathway

The aims of this study were to elucidate the immunomodulatory effects of glycyrrhizin (GL) on CD4(+)T cell responses during liver fibrogenesis. To obtain in vivo evidence about the effects of GL on CD4(+)T cells in livers and spleens of concanavalin A (ConA)-induced mouse model, mice were administrated with ConA together with or without GL for 8 weeks. Mice treated with GL dramatically prevented liver inflammation and fibrosis. Besides, GL inhibited the infiltration of T helper (Th) cell type 1, Th2, Th17 and regulatory T cells (Treg) in livers and spleens of mouse fibrosis models, and regulated the Th1/Th2 and Treg/Th17 balances respectively to a relative dominance of Th1 and Treg lineages in livers. Moreover, GL dramatically enhanced the antifibrotic cytokine interferon (IFN)-gamma and interleukin (IL)-10. GL at a concentration of 10 or 100 mu g/mL was respectively incubated with ConA-stimulated splenic CD4(+)T cells in vitro, and JNK inhibitor (SP600125), ERK inhibitor (U0126), p38 inhibitor (SB203580) or PI3K/AKT inhibitor (LY29400225) was added during the incubation. Notably, GL not only inhibited ConA-induced proliferation of splenic CD4(+)T cells but also enhanced the mRNAs of IFN-gamma and IL-10 in these cells. Be similar to the effects of GL, SP600125, U0126 and LY29400225, however not SB203580, also inhibited ConA-induced CD4(+)T cell proliferation, indicating the involvement of JNK, ERK and PI3K/AKT in this process. Moreover, GL significantly inhibited ConA-induced phosphorylation of JNK, ERK and PI3K/AKT in vitro. Collectively, GL might alleviate liver injury and fibrosis progression via regulation of CD4(+)T cell response in JNK, ERK and PI3K/AKT-dependent pathways. (c) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.