Treatment changes in prostatic hyperplasia and cancer, including androgen deprivation therapy and radiotherapy

Treatment changes in the benign and cancerous prostate present great diagnostic challenges in pathologic interpretation. The urologist must provide the pertinent history of androgen deprivation or radiotherapy to assist the pathologist in understanding these changes to avoid misdiagnosis. This article describes the spectrum of treatment changes in the prostate resulting from hormonal therapy and radiotherapy, with an emphasis on the identification of adenocarcinoma and its mimics.