Water expulsion during soil freezing described by a mathematical model called M1

It has been shown empirically that when a freezing front advances through a saturated and unfrozen soil, soil water may either be attracted to the freezing front or expelled, depending upon soil type, applied confining pressure, and rate of freezing. In this work, the problem of water expulsion is studied analytically based on a mathematical model called M-1. The condition of water expulsion is found to depend an the properties of a given soil, given thermal and hydraulic conditions. The theoretical predictions are compared with data of Kanto loam and the agreement between them is found to be satisfactory. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.