Psychosocial difficulties and emergency department use

Objective: To determine whether psychosocial difficulties are more prevalent among ambulatory patients using the ED for nonemergent complaints as compared with ambulatory patients having emergent complaints. Methods: A survey of noncritical ED patients was performed using anonymous questionnaires addressing psychosocial difficulties: psychiatric illness, educational level, homelessness, alcohol and/or drug dependency (CAGE and DAST surveys), and depression (DSM-III criteria), Three independent physicians ranked each patient's chief complaint as either emergent or appropriate for primary care. The majority ranking was used to determine whether the complaint was emergent. Groups with and without specific psychosocial difficulties were compared for their proportion of emergent vs primary care complaints. Results: Of 700 patients, 367 (52%) met criteria for greater than or equal to 1 psychosocial difficulty [acute psychosis-36 (5%), illiteracy-139 (20%), homelessness-45 (6%), alcohol dependency-111 (16%), drug dependency-66 (9%), and depression-130 (19%)]. There were 379 (54%) ED visits considered emergent. Patient groups with vs without greater than or equal to 1 psychosocial difficulty had similar rates of emergent visits (58% vs 50%, p = 0.04), Emergent visit rates also were similar for subgroups with vs without specific psychosocial difficulties: psychosis (56% vs 54%, p = 1.00), illiteracy (58% vs 53%, p = 0.89), homelessness (62% vs 54%, p = 0.33), alcohol dependency (62% vs 53%, p = 0.08), drug dependency (59% vs 54%, p = 0.47), or depression (58% vs 53%, p = 0.42). Conclusion: Psychosocial difficulties are common among ED patients; however, emergent complaints are just as common in these patients as they are in those without psychosocial difficulties.