Molybdenum efficiency in winter wheat cultivars as related to molybdenum uptake and distribution

The highly Mo efficient winter wheat cultivar 97003 yielded more than 90% and the low Mo efficient winter wheat cultivar 97014 less than 50% under Mo deficient conditions when compared to the Mo fertilizer treatment. The mechanism of Mo efficiency, molybdenum uptake and distribution in plant parts during all growth stages, was studied with these two cultivars when grown in an acid yellow-brown earth with no Mo (CK) and added Mo (+ Mo) treatments. The results showed that accumulation of Mo and dry matter in shoots of cultivar 97003 was significantly higher than those of cultivar 97014 under CK through the entire growth period. Most of Mo was found accumulated in shoots after the stem elongation stage. Only low amount of Mo was accumulated during the cold winter until stem elongation stage where severe symptoms occurred in cultivar 97014 without Mo supply, while the Mo concentration of cultivar 97003 was significantly higher, thus improved its cold hardiness. Molybdenum concentrations in spikes and seeds were very low pointing to a low Mo mobility even under Mo sufficiency. However, much more Mo was distributed in the upper leaves at stem elongation stage, in spikes in heading stage, in seeds in maturity in cultivar 97003 than in cultivar 97014 under conditions of Mo deficiency. In the efficient cultivar, the Mo distribution ratios to the upper leaves and spikes were even higher without Mo supply, suggesting that a higher phloem mobility and thus a more efficient use of Mo under Mo deficiency stress. The ability of Mo uptake and phloem-mobility are discussed and it is suggested to be the important physiological basis of Mo efficiency.