Metabolic endotoxemia with obesity: Is it real and is it relevant?

被引:294
作者
Boutagy, Nabil E. [1 ,2 ,3 ]
McMillan, Ryan P. [1 ,2 ,3 ]
Frisard, Madlyn I. [1 ,2 ,3 ]
Hulver, Matthew W. [1 ,2 ,3 ]
机构
[1] Virginia Tech, Dept Human Nutr Foods & Exercise, 295 West Campus Dr, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA
[2] Virginia Tech, Fralin Translat Obes Res Ctr, 1981 Kraft Dr, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA
[3] Virginia Tech, Metab Phenotyping Core, 1981 Kraft Dr, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA
基金
美国国家卫生研究院;
关键词
Obesity; Metabolic endotoxemia; Substrate metabolism; Inflammation; Endotoxin detection; LOW-GRADE INFLAMMATION; INDUCED INSULIN-RESISTANCE; HUMAN GUT MICROBIOTA; HIGH-FAT DIET; REACTIVE OXYGEN; BINDING PROTEIN; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; SEVERE SEPSIS; BLOOD-SUGAR; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE;
D O I
10.1016/j.biochi.2015.06.020
中图分类号
Q5 [生物化学]; Q7 [分子生物学];
学科分类号
070307 [化学生物学]; 071010 [生物化学与分子生物学];
摘要
Obesity is associated with metabolic derangements in multiple tissues, which contribute to the progression of insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome. The underlying stimulus for these metabolic derangements in obesity are not fully elucidated, however recent evidence in rodents and humans suggests that systemic, low level elevations of gut derived endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, LPS) may play an important role in obesity related, whole-body and tissue specific metabolic perturbations. LPS initiates a well-characterized signaling cascade that elicits many pro- and anti-inflammatory pathways when bound to its receptor, Toll-Like Receptor 4 (TLR4). Low-grade elevation in plasma LPS has been termed "metabolic endotoxemia" and this state is associated with a heightened pro-inflammatory and oxidant environment often observed in obesity. Given the role of inflammatory and oxidative stress in the etiology of obesity related cardio-metabolic disease risk, it has been suggested that metabolic endotoxemia may serve a key mediator of metabolic derangements observed in obesity. This review provides supporting evidence of mechanistic associations with cell and animal models, and provides complimentary evidence of the clinical relevance of metabolic endotoxemia in obesity as it relates to inflammation and metabolic derangements in humans. Discrepancies with endotoxin detection are considered, and an alternate method of reporting metabolic endotoxemia is recommended until a standardized measurement protocol is set forth. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. and Societe Francaise de Biochimie et Biologie Moleculaire (SFBBM). All rights reserved.
引用
收藏
页码:11 / 20
页数:10
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