Elemental concentrations in tropospheric and lower stratospheric air in a Northeastern region of Poland

被引:25
作者
Braziewicz, J
Kownacka, L
Majewska, U
Korman, A
机构
[1] Jan Kochanowski Univ Humanities & Sci, Inst Phys, PL-25406 Kielce, Poland
[2] Cent Lab Radiol Protect, PL-03194 Warsaw, Poland
[3] Andrzej Soltan Inst Nucl Studies, PL-05400 Otwock, Poland
关键词
air aerosols; air radioactivity; XRF method; vertical distribution;
D O I
10.1016/j.atmosenv.2003.12.035
中图分类号
X [环境科学、安全科学];
学科分类号
08 ; 0830 ;
摘要
Element concentrations of K, Ca, Ti, Cr, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Se, Br, Sr and Pb as well as the activity of natural radionuclides Pb-210 and Ra-226 in air were measured. The aerosol samples were collected during tropospheric and stratospheric aircraft flights over the Northeastern region of Poland, which is mostly an agricultural and wooded area. The air volumes were filtered using Petrianov filters at 1, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 km above the ground level by special equipment attached to a jet plane. Aircraft flights were provided from September 1997 to August 1998 in 5 separate sampling runs. The long sampling distances served as a good representation of mean aerosol composition and distribution. Concentrations of the same elements were also measured using stationary equipment near the ground level at the outskirts of Warsaw. The vertical profiles of element concentration were obtained and the elemental compositions for the tropospheric and stratospheric aerosols were compared with those from the near-ground level. Contribution of K, Ca, Ti and Fe, which are the main components of soil, in total mass of all detected ones was estimated. Relative concentrations of all measured elements, which show any differences in the composition of the aerosol were calculated. The results obtained confirm the fact that the stratospheric reservoir is observed in the bottom stratosphere. The XRF method based on molybdenum X-ray tube was used as an analytical tool in the determination of aerosols trace elements. The altitude distributions of radioactivity of Ra-226 and Pb-210 were determined using radiochemical methods. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
引用
收藏
页码:1989 / 1996
页数:8
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