Prevalence of Diabetic Retinopathy in Mainland China: A Meta-Analysis

Background: Although diabetic retinopathy (DR) is considered to be a major cause of blindness, this is the first meta-analysis to investigate the pooled prevalence of DR in mainland China. Methodology/Principal Findings: We conducted a search of all English reports on population-based studies for the prevalence of DR using Medline, EMbase, Web of Science, Google (scholar), and all Chinese reports were identified manually and on-line using CBMDisc, Chongqing VIP database, and CNKI database. A meta-analysis was carried out. The fixed effects model or random effects model was used as a statistical test for homogeneity. Nineteen studies were included. The prevalence of DR, non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) in the pooled general population was 1.3% (95% CI: 0.5%-3.2%), 1.1% (95% CI: 0.6%-2.1%), and 0.1% (95% CI: 0.1%-0.3%), respectively, but was 23% (95% CI: 17.8%-29.2%), 19.1% (95% CI: 13.6%-26.3%), and 2.8% (95% CI: 1.9%-4.2%) in the diabetic group. The prevalence rate of DR in the pooled rural population was higher than that in the urban population, 1.6% (95% CI: 1.3%-2%), and the diabetic population, 29.1% (95% CI: 20.9%-38.9%). The prevalence of DR was higher in the Northern region compared with the Southern region. Conclusions/Significance: The prevalence of DR in mainland China appeared a little high, and varied according to area. NPDR was more common. This study highlights the necessity for DR screening in the rural areas of China.