District heating (DH) network design and operation toward a system-wide methodology for optimizing renewable energy solutions (SMORES) in Canada: A case study

被引:78
作者
Dalla Rosa, A. [1 ]
Boulter, R. [2 ]
Church, K. [2 ]
Svendsen, S. [1 ]
机构
[1] Tech Univ Denmark, Dept Civil Engn, Sect Bldg Phys & Serv, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark
[2] CanmetENERGY, Nat Resources Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0E4, Canada
关键词
District heating; Renewable energy; Network design; Low-temperature; Energy efficiency;
D O I
10.1016/j.energy.2012.06.062
中图分类号
O414.1 [热力学];
学科分类号
摘要
This paper discusses the opportunities and challenges of implementing District Heating (DH) in Canada, with focus on the network design and operation. We selected for case study an urban area in Ottawa. First, we proved that the medium-temperature district heating (MTDH) (70 degrees C <= T-supply <= 90 degrees C) had better energy delivery performance than high-temperature district heating (HTDH) (T-supply > 100 degrees C), decreasing the heat loss by approximately 40%. The low-temperature networks (T-supply < 60 degrees C) achieved even lower heat losses, but they required additional capital investment. The implementation of low-temperature district heating (LTDH) should be considered, thanks to the capability of including more renewable energy and excess industrial waste heat. Next, the simulations show that DH can be implemented to supply present heating loads with medium temperature DH, and operate in the future at low temperature, after energy saving measures have been implemented in the buildings. Areas having linear heat densities greater than 3 MWh/(m yr) could economically be supplied by DH. Areas with linear heat density below 1.5 MWh/(m yr) are considered not practically feasible with the current energy market situation in Canada. The paper discusses critical issues and quantifies the performance of design concepts for DH supply to low heat density areas. DH is a fundamental energy infrastructure and is part of the solution for sustainable energy planning in Canadian communities. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
引用
收藏
页码:960 / 974
页数:15
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