Sapinmusaponins F-J, bioactive tirucallane-type saponins from the galls of Sapindus mukorossi

Five new tirucallane-type saponins, sapinmusaponins F-J ( 1-5), were isolated from the galls of Sapindus mukorossi. The structures of these saponins were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis including 1D and 2D NMR techniques ( H-1-H-1 COSY, HMQC, HMBC, TOCSY, and NOESY). Compounds 1-5 showed anti-platelet-aggregation effects, but no obvious cytotoxic activity for platelets as assayed by lactate dehydrogenase ( LDH) leakage. Compounds 1-5 also showed moderate activity in a 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate ( TPA)-induced Epstein-Barr virus early antigen ( EBV-EA) activation assay.