Effects of a new ultrasonic scaler on fibroblast attachment to root surfaces: a scanning electron microscopy analysis

Objective: A study was conducted to examine the effectiveness of scaling and root planing using a new ultrasonic scaler (Vector(TM)). Methods: Eighty extracted teeth affected by periodontal disease were sorted into four groups of 20, each of which was subjected to one the following procedures: use of the Vector(TM), Vector(TM) with polish, Enac(R) and a Gracey scaler. The time spent on cleaning was measured. Half of the sample teeth were examined at random for surface roughness, and the surface texture was evaluated by means of the Remaining Calculus Index (RCI) and the Roughness and Loss of Tooth Substance Index (RLTSI). The remaining samples were incubated in dishes with a suspension of fibroblasts. After measuring the number of attached cells, the attachment of fibroblasts was observed by scanning electron microscopy. Results: The RLTS1 values in the Vector(TM) and Vector(TM) with polish groups were significantly lower than those in the Enac(R) and Gracey groups, whereas the number of attached cells in the Vector(TM) with polish group was larger than in the Enac(R) group. Cell attachment in the Vector(TM) and Vector(TM) with polish groups proved to be better than in the Enac(TM) and Gracey groups. Conclusion: Since use of the Vector(TM) with polish was able to provide scaling and root planing with minimal damage and tight attachment of fibroblasts, it is suggested that this may be a useful instrument for scaling and root planing.