Brown Clouds over South Asia: Biomass or Fossil Fuel Combustion?

被引:529
作者
Gustafsson, Orjan [1 ]
Krusa, Martin [1 ]
Zencak, Zdenek [1 ]
Sheesley, Rebecca J. [1 ]
Granat, Lennart [2 ]
Engstrom, Erik [2 ]
Praveen, P. S. [3 ]
Rao, P. S. P. [4 ]
Leck, Caroline [2 ]
Rodhe, Henning [2 ]
机构
[1] Stockholm Univ, Dept Appl Environm Sci, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
[2] Stockholm Univ, Dept Meteorol, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
[3] MCOH, Hanimaadhoo, Maldives
[4] Indian Inst Trop Meteorol, Pune 411008, Maharashtra, India
基金
瑞典研究理事会;
关键词
SULFUR-DIOXIDE EMISSIONS; INDIAN-OCEAN EXPERIMENT; BLACK CARBON; AEROSOL; CLIMATE; QUANTIFICATION; INVENTORY;
D O I
10.1126/science.1164857
中图分类号
O [数理科学和化学]; P [天文学、地球科学]; Q [生物科学]; N [自然科学总论];
学科分类号
07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;
摘要
Carbonaceous aerosols cause strong atmospheric heating and large surface cooling that is as important to South Asian climate forcing as greenhouse gases, yet the aerosol sources are poorly understood. Emission inventory models suggest that biofuel burning accounts for 50 to 90% of emissions, whereas the elemental composition of ambient aerosols points to fossil fuel combustion. We used radiocarbon measurements of winter monsoon aerosols from western India and the Indian Ocean to determine that biomass combustion produced two- thirds of the bulk carbonaceous aerosols, as well as one- half and two- thirds of two black carbon subfractions, respectively. These constraints show that both biomass combustion ( such as residential cooking and agricultural burning) and fossil fuel combustion should be targeted to mitigate climate effects and improve air quality.
引用
收藏
页码:495 / 498
页数:4
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