Principal component analysis of dissolution data with missing elements

The use of principal component analysis (PCA) for incomplete dissolution data sets is examined. The PC space is constructed using a reference set and the test set is projected in that space. Several cases such as a reference set with missing data, an incomplete test set and both sets measured at different time points, are discussed using two examples: one simulation and one obtained from the pharmaceutical practice. From the many possibilities to deal with missing data, the expectation-maximization algorithm in combination with PCA was chosen. The influence on the similarity or f(2) factor is examined too. The sampling with replacement or bootstrap technique, which can be used to obtain confidence limits, can also be used when missing data are present in one of the data sets. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.