Acute activation of Maxi-K channels (hSlo) by estradiol binding to the β subunit

Maxi-K channels consist of a pore-forming alpha subunit and a regulatory beta subunit, which confers the channel with a higher Ca2+ sensitivity. Estradiol bound to the beta subunit and activated the Maxi-K channel (hSlo) only when both a and beta subunits were present. This activation was independent of the generation of intracellular signals and could be triggered by estradiol conjugated to a membrane-impenetrable carrier protein. This study documents the direct interaction of a hormone with a voltage-gated channel subunit and provides the molecular mechanism for the modulation of vascular smooth muscle Maxi-K channels by estrogens.