Regulatory roles of the GacS/GacA two-component system in plant-associated and other Gram-negative bacteria

被引:322
作者
Heeb, S [1 ]
Haas, D [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ Lausanne, Lab Biol Microbienne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
关键词
quorum sensing;
D O I
10.1094/MPMI.2001.14.12.1351
中图分类号
Q5 [生物化学]; Q7 [分子生物学];
学科分类号
071010 ; 081704 ;
摘要
The sensor kinase GacS and the response regulator GacA are members of a two-component system that is present in a wide variety of Gram-negative bacteria and has been studied mainly in enteric bacteria and fluorescent pseudomonads. The GacS/GacA system controls the production of secondary metabolites and extracellular enzymes involved in pathogenicity to plants and animals, biocontrol of soilborne plant diseases, ecological fitness, or tolerance to stress. A current model proposes that GacS senses a still-unknown signal and activates, via a phosphorelay mechanism, the GacA transcription regulator, which in turn triggers the expression of target genes. The GacS protein belongs to the unorthodox sensor kinases, characterized by an autophosphorylation, a receiver, and an output domain. The periplasmic loop domain of GacS is poorly conserved in diverse bacteria. Thus, a common signal interacting with this domain would be unexpected. Based on a comparison with the transcriptional regulator NarL, a secondary structure can be predicted for the GacA sensor kinases. Certain genes whose expression is regulated by the GacS/GacA system are regulated in parallel by the small RNA binding protein RsmA (CsrA) at a posttranscriptional level. It is suggested that the GacS/GacA system operates a switch between primary and secondary metabolism, with a major involvement of posttranscriptional control mechanisms.
引用
收藏
页码:1351 / 1363
页数:13
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