Molecular pattern formation using chemically modified cytochrome c

Molecular pattern formation using chemically modified cytochrome c and green fluorescent protein (GFP) was presented for the application as a bioelectronic device. A protein conjugate was synthesized by the formation of disulfide bridges. In order to make molecular assembly onto the gold-coated substrate, cytochrome c was cross-linked with N-succinimidyl-3-(2-pyridyldithio)propionate (SPDP). After the modification of cytochrome c, it was spontaneously deposited, so that it could be adsorbed onto the gold-coated substrate by self-assembly (SA) technique. Using the cellulose membrane, cytochrome c molecules were deposited onto the gold-coated substrate with the spatial resolution of ca. 0.2 mum. In order to verify the modified cytochrome c, UV absorption spectrum was measured. GFP was adsorbed onto the cytochrome c monolayer by electrostatic force. Fluorescence emission spectrum was investigated to verify the existence of the GFP molecule onto the cytochrome c monolayer. To verify the adsorption of cytochrome c molecules onto the gold-coated substrate and GFP molecules onto the cytochrome c monolayer, the atomic force microscopy and lateral force microscopy investigations were performed. Molecular pattern formation of cytochrome c and GFP molecules were successfully performed by chemical means and electrostatic force. (D 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.