Rapid fluctuations in transmitter release from single vesicles in bovine adrenal chromaffin cells

Single-vesicle release of catecholamines from chromaffin cells can be detected in real time as current spikes by the electrochemical method of amperometry, About 70% of spikes are preceded by a small ''foot,'' the trickle of transmitter out of the early fusion pore. In addition, 20-50% of foot signals exhibit rapid fluctuations that we interpret as flickering of the fusion pore. There are also ''stand-alone'' foot signals, which may reflect transient fusions, in which the vesicles do not collapse completely into the plasma membrane, The number and frequency of the foot flickering are affected by intracellular Ca2+ concentration.