Transformations of pesticides in the atmosphere: A state of the art

被引:90
作者
Atkinson, R
Guicherit, R
Hites, RA
Palm, WU
Seiber, JN
de Voogt, P
机构
[1] Univ Amsterdam, Amsterdam Res Inst Subst Ecosyst Environm & Toxic, NL-1018 WV Amsterdam, Netherlands
[2] Univ Calif Riverside, Air Pollut Res Ctr, Riverside, CA 92521 USA
[3] TNO, Inst Environm Sci Energy Res & Proc Innovat, NL-7300 AH Apeldoorn, Netherlands
[4] Indiana Univ, Dept Chem, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
[5] Fraunhofer Inst Toxicol & Aerosol Res, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
[6] ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA
关键词
atmospheric lifetimes; pesticides; reaction rates; transformation products;
D O I
10.1023/A:1005286313693
中图分类号
X [环境科学、安全科学];
学科分类号
08 ; 0830 ;
摘要
The current knowledge about transformation rates and products of pesticides in the atmosphere is reviewed. Reactive species and their concentrations in the atmosphere are presented. Reactions of pesticides with these species (including photolysis) in the gas and the particulate phase are evaluated from available experimental data. The potential of estimation methods is discussed. Experimental techniques for laboratory and outdoor measurements are reviewed. Finally, an estimation is made of uncertainties in atmospheric lifetimes due to chemical or physical reactions. It is concluded that the most important transformation of pesticides in the atmosphere is due to reaction with OH radicals. Very few experimental data for pesticides are available though. The levels of uncertainty in OH radical concentrations are acceptable, however, for a proper estimation of atmospheric removal rates due to reactions with OH radicals of those pesticides for which experimental transformation rates (of homologues) are available.
引用
收藏
页码:219 / 243
页数:25
相关论文
共 117 条
[1]  
AGARWAL HC, 1987, WATER AIR SOIL POLL, V32, P293
[2]   QUANTUM YIELD FOR PRODUCTION OF CH3NC IN THE PHOTOLYSIS OF CH3NCS [J].
ALVAREZ, RA ;
MOORE, CB .
SCIENCE, 1994, 263 (5144) :205-207
[3]   System to measure relative rate constants of semivolatile organic compounds with hydroxyl radicals [J].
Anderson, PN ;
Hites, RA .
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY, 1996, 30 (01) :301-306
[4]   OH radical reactions: The major removal pathway for polychlorinated biphenyls from the atmosphere [J].
Anderson, PN ;
Hites, RA .
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY, 1996, 30 (05) :1756-1763
[5]  
[Anonymous], [No title captured], DOI DOI 10.1007/BF02940515
[6]   Measurements of C2-C7 hydrocarbons during the Polar Sunrise Experiment 1994:: Further evidence for halogen chemistry in the troposphere [J].
Ariya, PA ;
Jobson, BT ;
Sander, R ;
Niki, H ;
Harris, GW ;
Hopper, JF ;
Anlauf, KG .
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES, 1998, 103 (D11) :13169-13180
[7]   Fate of summertime airborne organophosphate pesticide residues in the Sierra Nevada mountains [J].
Aston, LS ;
Seiber, JN .
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY, 1997, 26 (06) :1483-1492
[8]   KINETICS AND MECHANISMS OF THE GAS-PHASE REACTIONS OF THE NO3 RADICAL WITH ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS [J].
ATKINSON, R .
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL REFERENCE DATA, 1991, 20 (03) :459-507
[10]   Gas-phase tropospheric chemistry of volatile organic compounds .1. Alkanes and alkenes [J].
Atkinson, R .
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL REFERENCE DATA, 1997, 26 (02) :215-290