Decreased expression of TGF-β type II receptor in bronchial glands of smokers with COPD

Background: The role of transforming growth factor-beta(1) (TGF-beta(1)) in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is still controversial, but it has been proposed that it may protect from mucus hypersecretion since it is able to downregulate mucin production. A study was undertaken to investigate the expression of TGF-beta(1) and its type II receptor (TGF-beta RII) in the bronchial glands of smokers with COPD. Methods: The expression of TGF-beta 1 and TGF-beta RII were examined immunohistochemically in the bronchial glands of 24 smokers undergoing lung resection for solitary peripheral nodules: 12 with airflow limitation (smokers with COPD) and 12 with normal lung function. Results: The expression of TGF-beta(1) in bronchial glands was similar in the two groups of subjects while that of TGF-beta RII was lower in smokers with COPD than in smokers with normal lung function (p = 0.004). TGF-beta RII expression was inversely correlated with the values of Reid's index, a measure of gland size ( p = 0.02, r = 20.50). Conclusions: In the bronchial glands of smokers with COPD there is decreased expression of TGF-beta RII which is associated with bronchial gland enlargement. These findings support the view that the absence of TGF-beta signalling may induce structural changes in the bronchial glands which, in turn, may promote mucus hypersecretion.