Analytical methods for determination of free metal ion concentration, labile species fraction and metal complexation capacity of environmental waters: A review

被引:172
作者
Pesavento, Maria [1 ]
Alberti, Giancarla [1 ]
Biesuz, Raffaela [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ Pavia, Dipartimento Chim Gen, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
关键词
Metal speciation; Trace element; Free metal ion; Labile species; Complexation capacity; Environmental waters; ANODIC-STRIPPING VOLTAMMETRY; PERMEATION LIQUID-MEMBRANE; IN-SITU MEASUREMENTS; COMPETITIVE LIGAND-EXCHANGE; INTEGRATED MICROANALYTICAL SYSTEM; TRACE-ELEMENT SPECIATION; PASSIVE SAMPLING SYSTEM; NATURAL ORGANIC-LIGANDS; MERCURY DROP ELECTRODE; CENTRAL NORTH PACIFIC;
D O I
10.1016/j.aca.2008.10.046
中图分类号
O65 [分析化学];
学科分类号
070302 ; 081704 ;
摘要
Different experimental approaches have been suggested in the last few decades to determine metal species in complex matrices of unknown composition as environmental waters. The methods are mainly focused on the determination of single species or groups of species. The more recent developments in trace elements speciation are reviewed focusing on methods for labile and free metal determination. Electrochemical procedures with low detection limit as anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV) and the competing ligand exchange with adsorption cathodic stripping voltammetry (CLE-AdCSV) have been widely employed in metal distribution studies in natural waters. Other electrochemical methods such as stripping chronopotentiometry and AGNES seem to be promising to evaluate the free metal concentration at the low levels of environmental samples. Separation techniques based on ion exchange (IE) and complexing resins (CR), and micro separation methods as the Donnan membrane technique (DMT), diffusive gradients in thin-film gels (DGT) and the permeation liquid membrane (PLM), are among the non-electrochemical methods largely used in this field and reviewed in the text. Under appropriate conditions such techniques make possible the evaluation of free metal ion concentration. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
引用
收藏
页码:129 / 141
页数:13
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