The inhibition of capacitative calcium entry due to ATP depletion but not due to glucosamine is reversed by staurosporine

The capacitative Ca2+ entry pathway in J774 macrophages is rapidly inhibited by the amino sugar glucosamine. This pathway is also inhibited by treatments such as 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2dGlc) or glucose deprivation that inhibit glycolysis and lead to significant decreases in cellular ATP and other trinucleotides. We sought to determine whether glucosamine's effect on capacitative Ca2+ entry was also due to ATP depletion, as has been suggested recently for its link to insulin resistance. In contrast to brief treatments with 2dGlc, there was no significant decrease in ATP following exposure to glucosamine. In addition, the 2dGlc-mediated inhibition of capacitative Ca2+ influx was reversed by staurosporine, a microbial alkaloid that inhibits a broad range of protein kinases. Staurosporine was also able to reverse the inhibition of capacitative Ca2+ entry seen following other treatments that decreased cellular ATP levels, including cytochalasin B and iodoacetic acid. Other inhibitors of protein kinase C, including bisindolylmaleimide, K252a, H-7, and calphostin C, were unable to mimic this effect of staurosporine. However, the inhibition of capacitative Ca2+ influx in the presence of glucosamine was not reversed by staurosporine. These data indicate that the inhibitory action on capacitative Ca2+ entry of glucosamine is distinct from that caused by ATP depletion.