Beginning with the adoption of the Framework Convention on Climate Change (FCCC) in 1992, which called for industrialized countries to reduce their greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions to 1990 levels in 2000, political pressures have been increasing to reduce GHG emissions. The Berlin Conference of the Parties (COP1) in March, 1995, increased this pressure for countries to commit to post-2000 emission reduction goals. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.