Amplification and localization behaviors of obliquely incident light in randomly layered media

We have extended the study of light amplification and localization behaviors in a randomly layered medium from normal to oblique incidence. Both p and s polarizations are considered. It is found that the statistical properties of the transmission and reflection coefficients depend only on L/xi(0)(theta) and xi(0)(theta)/l(g)(theta), independent of polarization. Here L is the sample size, xi(0)(theta) is the localization length in the absence of gain, theta is the angle of incidence, and l(g)(theta) = l(g) cos theta, where l(g) is the gain length. The localization length in the presence of gain is found to follow 1/xi(theta) = 1/xi(0)(theta)+1/l(g)(theta). These scaling results reduce the problem from five parameters to two parameters and hold as long as the incident angle is below the critical angle of total internal reflection. A method of measuring xi(0)(theta) using resonant tunneling is proposed. Similar results are obtained for the case of dissipation.