A phylogenetic analysis of 100+genera and 50+families of euasterids based on morphological and molecular data with notes on possible higher level morphological synapomorphies

被引:59
作者
Bremer, K
Backlund, A
Sennblad, B
Swenson, U
Andreasen, K
Hjertson, M
Lundberg, J
Backlund, M
Bremer, B
机构
[1] Uppsala Univ, Dept Systemat Bot, Evolut Biol Ctr, SE-75236 Uppsala, Sweden
[2] Uppsala Univ, Dept Med Chem, SE-75123 Uppsala, Sweden
[3] Univ Stockholm, Dept Bot, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
[4] Swedish Museum Nat Hist, Mol Systemat Lab, SE-10405 Stockholm, Sweden
[5] Stockholm Univ, Stockholm Bioinformat Ctr, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
关键词
Angiosperms; asterids; Euasterids; Asteridae; Apiales; Aquifoliales; Asterales; Dipsacales; Garryales; Gentianales; Lamiales; Solanales; Adoxaceae; Cladistics; phylogeny; morphology; rbcL; ndhF;
D O I
10.1007/s006060170009
中图分类号
Q94 [植物学];
学科分类号
071001 ;
摘要
A data matrix of 143 morphological and chemical characters for 142 genera of euasterids according to the APG system was compiled and complemented with rbcL- and ndhF sequences for most or the genera. The data were subjected to parsimony analysis and support was assessed by bootstrapping, Strict consensus trees from analyses of morphology alone and morphology + rbcL + mdhF are presented. The morphological data recover several groups supported by molecular data but at the level or orders and above relationships are only superficially in agreement with molecular studies. The analyses provide support for monophyly of Gentianales, Aquifoliales, Apiales, Asterales, and Dipsacales. All data indicate that Adoxaceac are closely related to Dipsacales and hence they should be included in that order. The trees were used to assess some possible morphological synapomorphics for euasterids I and II and for the orders of the APG system, Euasterids I are generally characterised by opposite leaves, entire leaf margins, hypogynous flowers, "early sympetaly" with a ring-shaped corolla primordium, fusion or stamen filaments with the corolla tube, and capsular fruits. Euasterids II often have alternate leaves, serrate-dentate leaf margin, epigynous flowers, "late sympetaly" with distinct petal primordia, free stamen filaments, and indehiscent fruits. It is unclear which of these characters represent synapomorphies and symplesiomorphies for the two groups, respectively, and there are numerous expections to be interpreted as reversals and parallelisms.
引用
收藏
页码:137 / 169
页数:33
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