Electrophysiologic effects of interactions between activated canine neutrophils and cardiac myocytes

Introduction: Myocardial ischemia causes neutrophils to bind to activated myocytes and liberate platelet-activating factor (PAF), PAF causes delayed repolarization, early afterdepolarizations (EADs), and arrest of repolarization, We studied the effect of activation of neutrophils bound to canine cardiac myocytes to determine if such activation causes PAF generation and similar changes in transmembrane potentials, Methods and Results: Myocytes from canine left ventricle and neutrophils from the same dog were superfused with Tyrode's solution and transmembrane potentials recorded from the former, Neutrophils (100 mu L, 10(6)/mL) were added and allowed to bind to the myocytes, Neutrophils were activated with 1% zymosan-activated serum (ZAS), CV-6209 (100 nM) was used to block receptors for PAF, Liberation of PAF by activated neutrophils was quantified with a commercial radioimmunoassay kit. Neutrophils activated with ZAS caused changes in myocyte transmembrane potentials like those induced by PAF: action potential prolongation, runs of EAD, and periods of plateau arrest, PAF receptor blockade prevented neutrophil activation from altering transmembrane potentials, Neutrophils activated with 1% ZAS liberated significant amounts of PAF, Conclusions: When neutrophils bound to cardiac myocytes are activated by exposure to 1% ZAS, they cause prompt and consistent changes in myocyte electrical activity that could be arrhythmogenic for the in situ heart, These changes are similar to those caused by PAF in pharmacologic studies, Neutrophils activated in this manner generate PAF, and the effects of their activation are prevented by blockade of PAF receptors, We conclude that, during reperfusion of ischemic myocardium, PAF generated by activated neutrophils most likely is a cause of some arrhythmias.