Effects of High-Dose Ulinastatin on Inflammatory Response and Pulmonary Function in Patients With Type-A Aortic Dissection After Cardiopulmonary Bypass Under Deep Hypothermic Circulatory Arrest

Objectives: To investigate effects of high-dose ulinastatin on the release of proinflammatory cytokines and lung injury in patients with aortic dissection after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) under deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA). Design: A prospective, randomized and double-blinded study. Setting: A teaching hospital. Participants: Thirty-six patients with acute type-A aortic dissection undergoing cardiac surgery using CPB under DHCA. Interventions: These patients randomly were selected to received total doses of 20,000 units/kg of ulinastatin (n = 18) or 0.9% saline (control, n = 18) at 3 time points (after anesthetic induction, before aortic cross-clamp, and after aortic cross-clamp release). Measurements and Main Results: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin 6, interleukin 8 and polymorphonuclear neutrophil elastase (PMNE) were measured after anesthetic induction (TO), 30 minutes (T1) after aortic cross-clamp, 3 (T2), 6 (T3) and 9 (T4) hours after weaning from CPB. Except for T1, pulmonary data, such as alveolar-arterial oxygen pressure difference, physiologic deadspace, peak inspiratory pressure, plateau pressure, static compliance and dynamic compliance, were obtained at the same time points. Concentrations of cytokines and PMNE were significantly lower in the ulinastatin group than the control group from T1 to T4, and peaked at T2 between the 2 groups. Compared with the pulmonary data of the control group at T2 similar to T4, postoperative alveolar-arterial oxygen pressure difference, physiologic deadspace, peak inspiratory pressure, and plateau pressure significantly were lower, and static compliance and dynamic compliance higher in the ulinastatin group. Significantly shorter intubation time and intensive care unit stay were found in the ulinastatin group. Conclusions: High-dose ulinastatin attenuates the elevation of cytokines and PMNE, reduces the pulmonary injury and improves the pulmonary function after CPB under DHCA. Consequently, it shortens the time of intubation and intensive care unit stay. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.