Systematic review and meta-analysis of the effectiveness of antibiotic prophylaxis in prevention of wound infection after mesh repair of abdominal wall hernia

Background: The aim was to determine whether systemic antibiotic prophylaxis prevented wound infection after of abdominal wall hernia with mesh. Method: This was a systematic review of the available literature identified from multiple database using the terms 'hernia' and 'antibiotic prophylaxis'. Randomized placebo-controlled trials of antibiotic prophylaxis in abdominal wall mesh hernia repair with explicitly defined wound infection criteria and a minimum follow-up for meta-analysis using a random-effects model. Results: The search process identified eight relevant trials. Two papers on umbilical, incisional or laparoscopic hernias, and six concerning inguinal and femoral (groin) hernias were suitable for meta-analysis. The incidence of infection after groin hernia repair was 38 (3.0 per cent) of 1277 in the placebo group and 18 (1.5 per cent) of 1230 in the antibiotic group. Antibiotic prophylaxis did not significantly reduce the incidence of infection: odds ratio 0.54 (95 per cent confidence interval 0.24 to 1.21); number needed to treat was 74. The number of deep infections was six (0.6 per cent) in the placebo group and three (0.3 per cent) in the antibiotic prophylaxis group: odds ratio 0.50 (95 per cent c.i 0.12 to 2.09). Conclusions: Antibiotic prophylaxis did not prevent the occurrence of wound infection after groin hernia surgery. More trials are needed for complete evidence in other areas of abdominal wall hernia.