Osteoconductive materials and their role as substitutes for autogenous bone grafts

The term osteoconduction applies to a three-dimensional process that is observed when porous structures are implanted into or adjacent to bone. Capillaries, perivascular tissues, and osteoprogenitor cells migrate into porous spaces and incorporate the porous structure with newly formed bone. The observed process is characterized by an initial ingrowth of fibrovascular tissue that invades the porous structure followed by the later development of new bone? applied directly within it. This article reviews observations of commonly used osteoconductive matrices to increase understanding of this process.