Sunspot positions and sizes for 1825-1867 from the observations by Samuel Heinrich Schwabe

被引:87
作者
Arlt, R. [1 ]
Leussu, R. [2 ]
Giese, N. [1 ,3 ]
Mursula, K. [2 ]
Usoskin, I. G. [2 ,4 ]
机构
[1] Leibniz Inst Astrophys Potsdam AIP, D-14482 Potsdam, Germany
[2] Univ Oulu, Dept Phys, Ctr Excellence Res, Oulu 90014, Finland
[3] Univ Groningen, Kapteyn Astron Inst, NL-9700 AV Groningen, Netherlands
[4] Univ Oulu, Sodankyla Observ, Oulu Unit, Oulu 90014, Finland
关键词
Sun: activity; sunspots; DIFFERENTIAL ROTATION; RECONSTRUCTION;
D O I
10.1093/mnras/stt961
中图分类号
P1 [天文学];
学科分类号
070403 [天体物理学];
摘要
Samuel Heinrich Schwabe made 8486 drawings of the solar disc with sunspots in the period from 1825 November 5 to 1867 December 29. We have measured sunspot sizes and heliographic positions on digitized images of these drawings. A total of about 135 000 measurements of individual sunspots are available in a data base. Positions are accurate to about 5 per cent of the solar radius or to about 3 degrees in heliographic coordinates in the solar-disc centre. Sizes were given in 12 classes as estimated visually with circular cursor shapes on the screen. Most of the drawings show a coordinate grid aligned with the celestial coordinate system. A subset of 1168 drawings have no indication of their orientation. We have used a Bayesian estimator to infer the orientations of the drawings as well as the average heliographic spot positions from a chain of drawings of several days, using the rotation profile of the present Sun. The data base also includes all information available from Schwabe on spotless days.
引用
收藏
页码:3165 / 3172
页数:8
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