Tissue engineering of blood vessels

Background: Tissue engineering techniques have been employed successfully in the management of wounds, bums and cartilage repair. Current prosthetic alternatives to autologous vascular bypass grafts remain poor in terms of patency and infection risk. Growing biological blood vessels has been proposed as an alternative. Methods: This review is based on a literature search using Medline, PubMed, ISIS and CAS of original articles and reviews, and unpublished material. and abstracts. Results and conclusions: Complete incorporation into host tissues and the maintenance of a viable and self-renewing endothelial layer are the fundamental goals to be achieved when developing a tissue-engineered blood vessel. Sourcing of cells and modulating their interaction with extracellular matrix and supporting scaffold have been the focus of intense research. Although the use of tissue-engineered blood vessels in humans is so far limited, advances in our knowledge of stem cell precursors and the development of new biomaterials should enable this technology to reach routine clinical practice within a decade.