Good for women, good for men, bad for people: Simpson's paradox and the importance of sex-specific analysis in observational studies

被引：22

作者：

Baker, SG

Kramer, BS

机构：

[1] NCI, Biometry Res Grp, Div Canc Prevent, EPN 3131,NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA

[2] NIH, Off Dis Prevent & Med Applicat Res, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA

来源：

JOURNAL OF WOMENS HEALTH & GENDER-BASED MEDICINE | 2001年 / 10卷 / 09期

关键词：

D O I：

10.1089/152460901753285769

中图分类号：

R1 [预防医学、卫生学];

学科分类号：

1004 ; 120402 ;

摘要：

Even if a medial intervention has a beneficial effect in both men and women, an observational study that combines data from men and women can lead to the incorrect conclusion that treatment has a harmful effect. This is an example of Simpson's paradox, which although uncommon in practice, does, in fact, occur (Wainer H. Simpson's paradox. Chance 1999;12:43). More importantly, it is likely that in an observational study, a related result will occur, namely, ignoring sex in the analysis will lead to biased results. To better understand why Simpson's paradox and the related result occur, we present a graphic explanation.

引用

页码：867 / 872

页数：6