Acute silver toxicity in aquatic animals is a function of sodium uptake rate

被引:98
作者
Bianchini, A
Grosell, M
Gregory, SM
Wood, CM
机构
[1] Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Dept Ciencias Fisiol, BR-96201900 Rio Grande, Rio Grande Sul, Brazil
[2] McMaster Univ, Dept Biol, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
[3] Univ Copenhagen, Dept Zoophysiol, August Krogh Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
关键词
D O I
10.1021/es011028t
中图分类号
X [环境科学、安全科学];
学科分类号
08 ; 0830 ;
摘要
On the basis of these facts about freshwater fish and invertebrates: (i) the Na+ turnover is a physiological process associated with the gill membranes; (ii) the key mechanism of acute silver toxicity consists of reduction in Na+ uptake by blockade of gill Na+,K+-ATPase; (iii) the mass-specific surface area of the gills depends on animal body mass; and (iv) the gill surface is also the major site of Na+ loss by diffusion, we hypothesized that whole body Na+ uptake rate (i.e., turnover rate) and secondarily body mass would be good predictors of acute silver toxicity. Results obtained from toxicological (LC50 of AgNO3) and physiological (Na-22 uptake rate) tests performed on juvenile fish (rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss), early juvenile and adult crayfish (Cambarus diogenes diogenes), and neonate and adult daphnids (Daphnia magna) in moderately hard water of constant quality support the above hypothesis. Therefore, sensitivity to AgNO3, in terms of either total measured silver or free Ag+, was reliably predicted from the whole body Na+ uptake rate in animals with body mass ranging over 6 orders of magnitude (from micrograms to grams). A positive log-log correlation between acute AgNO3 toxicity and body mass of the same species was also observed. Furthermore, the whole body Na+ uptake rate was inversely related to body mass in unexposed animals. The combination of these last two results explains why the small animals in this study were more sensitive to Ag+ than the larger ones. Taken together, these results clearly point out the possibility of incorporating the Na+ uptake rate into the current version of the Biotic Ligand Model to improve the predictive capacity of this model. In the absence of information on Nal uptake rate, then body mass may serve as a surrogate.
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页码:1763 / 1766
页数:4
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